Grateful Workers, Satisfied Workers? A Portuguese Study about Organizational Happiness during COVID-19 Quarantine.

Although work satisfaction has been largely studied, gratitude is an emerging field within multiple sciences, including positive psychology, organizational behavior, and human resources marketing. This ex post facto study aims to characterize gratitude and understand its relations to job satisfaction in a non-probabilistic sample of 521 Portuguese workers (62.2% women), 30.90% and 69.10% in the public and private sector, respectively, mean ages of M = 43, SD = 12.6. Data were collected using anonymous questionnaires during the COVID-19 lockdown. Statistical analyses were performed in SPSS 26, and include Student's t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlations, and a hierarchical linear regression model. Results confirm that Portuguese workers are grateful and satisfied at work. There were statistically significant differences between groups in sociodemographic (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05), professional (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001), and perceived living conditions variables (p < 0.05) regarding gratitude. Gratitude, alone, explains 8% of job satisfaction. According to the regression model (32.4%), perceptions of satisfaction initiatives and greater job security are also associated with higher levels of job satisfaction (23.6%). Implementation of gratitude-promoting strategies may increase job satisfaction, especially in the post-pandemic period. The investment in workers' organizational happiness, after the impacts of COVID-19 on work dynamics, is a differentiating organizations success dimension.

Abusive Sexting in Adolescence: Prevalence and Characteristics of Abusers and Victims.

Sexting has been defined as sending, receiving, or forwarding sexually explicit messages, images, or photos to others through digital platforms, and can assume more consensual or more abusive and violent forms. This study aims to explore the prevalence of abusive sexting in Portuguese adolescents and the psychological characteristics of sexting abusers in terms of emotional and behavioral problems, potential markers of psychopathy, childhood trauma and maltreatment, and different forms of aggression. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 4,281 participants, aged 12-20 years (2,264 girls and 2,017 boys), of whom 204 (4.8%) engaged in abusive sexting behaviors and 182 (4.3%) self-identified as being a non-consensual sexting victim. Abusive sexting was more common among boys and middle adolescents, and abusive sexting victims were more likely to be children of single-parent families. Engaging in abusive sexting and being a victim of abusive sexting were also related to behavioral and emotional problems, callousness, experiences of neglect and abuse in childhood, and various forms of aggression. Implications for future research and intervention are discussed.

Competência emocional como recurso para o envolvimento de adolescentes na escola / Emotional competence as a resource for adolescents' engagement in school / Competencia emocional como recurso para la participación de adolescentes en la escuela

A competência emocional, um indicador de desenvolvimento positivo na adolescência, constitui um fator explicativo do sucesso académico. Contudo, importa ainda investigar relações entre a competência emocional e variáveis processuais do sucesso académico, incluindo o envolvimento na escola. Este estudo analisa se a competência emocional constitui um recurso pessoal para o envolvimento na escola na adolescência, controlados efeitos do sexo e ano escolar. O Questionário de Competência Emocional e a Escala Quadridimensional de Envolvimento dos Alunos na Escola foram respondidos por 303 adolescentes de ambos os sexos (Midade = 16.36), que frequentavam o ensino secundário. Resultados da regressão linear hierárquica múltipla sugerem que a competência emocional explica 34% da variância do envolvimento na escola. Discutem-se implicações para investigação e intervenção psicológica.

Emotional competence, an indicator of positive development in adolescence, is an explicative factor of academic success. However, research addressing relations among emotional competence and procedural variables of academic success, such as engagement in school, is still needed. This study examines whether emotional competence constitutes a personal resource for adolescents' engagement in school, having controlled the effects for gender and school level. The Emotional Skills and Competence Questionnaire and the Four-Dimensional Scale of Students' Engagement in School were completed by 303 adolescents of both genders (Mage = 16.36) attending high school. Results from a hierarchical multiple linear regression model suggested that emotional competence explains 34% of the variance of engagement in school. Implications for research and psychological intervention are discussed.

La competencia emocional, un indicador de desarrollo positivo en la adolescencia, es un factor explicativo del éxito académico. Sin embargo, todavía es importante investigar relaciones entre competencia emocional y las variables de procedimiento del éxito académico, incluida la participación escolar. Este estudio examina si la competencia emocional es un recurso personal para la participación escolar de adolescentes, controlados efectos del sexo y año escolar. El Cuestionario de Competencia Emocional y la Escala de cuatro dimensiones de Participación de los Alumnos en la Escuela fueron respondidos por 303 adolescentes de ambos sexos (Medad = 16,36) que asistían a la escuela secundaria. Resultados de la regresión linear jerárquica múltiple sugieren que la competencia emocional explica el 34% de varianza de la participación escolar. Se discuten implicaciones para la investigación y la intervención psicológica.

A latent profile analysis of first-year university students' academic expectations / Un análisis de perfil latente de las expectativas académicas de estudiantes universitarios de primer curso

Academic expectations are an important variable in the explanation of adaptation and academic success in higher education. This paper uses latent profile analysis as a person-centered statistical approach to classify students into groups of similar types of expectations for higher education, at the beginning of the first year in university. Participants were 2,478 first-year Portuguese students. Based on the scores of seven dimensions of expectations, we identified six classes of students. Most students (84%) presented moderate levels of expectations, while 8% and 4%, respectively, reported very high and low expectations. One class represented a group of students (4%) with high expectations for the quality of education and for political engagement and citizenship and lower expectations for social interaction and attending to social pressures. Male and older students showed more positive expectations. Students from privileged family backgrounds are more likely to present higher expectations for political engagement and citizenship experiences, and lower expectations for social interaction and leisure and attending to social pressures

Las expectativas académicas son una variable importante en la explicación de la adaptación de los estudiantes de primer año y su éxito académico. Este trabajo utiliza el análisis de perfil latente como estrategia estadística centrada en la persona para clasificar a los estudiantes en grupos de expectativas similares en relación con la educación superior, al comienzo del primer año en la universidad. Participaron 2.478 estudiantes portugueses de primer año. Basándonos en las puntuaciones de las siete dimensiones de las expectativas, identificamos seis tipos de estudiantes. La mayoría de los estudiantes (84%) presentaron niveles moderados de expectativas, mientras que el 8% y el 4% presentaron expectativas muy altas y bajas, respectivamente. Una clase incluyó al 4% de los estudiantes, con altas expectativas en relación a la calidad de la educación y para el compromiso político y la ciudadanía y menores expectativas en cuanto a interacción social y atención a las presiones sociales. Varones e estudiantes mayores presentan expectativas más positivas. Estudiantes de familias más privilegiadas presenten mayores expectativas hacia el compromiso político y de experiencias de ciudadanía, así como menores expectativas de interacción social y de ocio y de atención a las presiones sociales

Early identification of first-year students at risk of dropping out of high-school entry medical school: the usefulness of teachers' ratings of class participation.

Dropping out from undergraduate medical education is costly for students, medical schools, and society in general. Therefore, the early identification of potential dropout students is important. The contribution of personal features to dropout rates has merited exploration. However, there is a paucity of research on aspects of student experience that may lead to dropping out. In this study, underpinned by theoretical models of student commitment, involvement, and engagement, we explored the hypothesis of using inferior participation as an indicator of a higher probability of dropping out in year 1. Class participation was calculated as an aggregate score based on teachers' daily observations in class. The study used a longitudinal dataset of six cohorts of high-school entry students (N = 709, 67% females) in one medical school with an annual intake of 120 students. The findings confirmed the initial hypothesis and showed that lower scores of class participation in year 1 added predictive ability to pre-entry characteristics (Pseudo-R2 raised from 0.22 to 0.28). Even though the inclusion of course failure in year 1 resulted in higher explanatory power than participation in class (Pseudo-R2 raised from 0.28 to 0.63), ratings of class participation may be advantageous to anticipate dropout identification, as those can be collected prior to course failure. The implications for practice are that teachers' ratings of class participation can play a role in indicating medical students who may eventually drop out. We conclude that the scores of class participation can contribute to flagging systems for the early detection of student dropouts.

Effects of aging on memory strategies: a validation of the Portuguese version of the Test of Memory Strategies.

OBJECTIVE: Previous literature has shown that executive functions (EF) are related to performance in memory tasks. The fact that there are no psychometric tests that evaluate these two constructs simultaneously led a group of researchers to develop the Test of Memory Strategies (TSM). Given the potential importance of this instrument for neuropsychological evaluation, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the TMS in Portuguese sample. We also examined the effect of aging by exploring profiles of performance on the TMS, comparing young and elderly healthy subjects. METHOD: Total of 135 healthy participants were submitted to a neuropsychological assessment and were divided into four age groups: a group of young adults (25-35 years) and three groups of older individuals (aged 60-69 years, 70-79 years, and 80 or more years). RESULTS: Findings supported the reliability of the TMS scores, based on analyses of internal consistency. As expected, factor analysis of the TMS scores revealed that the test yielded two factors, one capturing EF and the other memory. Correlations with classic neuropsychological tests supported convergent and discriminant validity of the TMS scores. The elderly groups presented more difficulties in creating and mobilizing memory strategies when compared with a younger group, after controlling for the influence of education, although both groups presented increases in performance throughout the five TMS subscales. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the TMS is an adequate measure to assess memory and EF, simultaneously, presenting adequate psychometric properties for a Portuguese sample.

Equivalencia factorial de las versiones en español y portugués de un cuestionario de expectativas académicas / Factorial equivalence of the Spanish and Portuguese versions of a questionnaire of academic expectations

Resumen Este estudio presenta los resultados de una investigación sobre expectativas académicas de estudiantes universitarios de primer año de Enseñanza Superior (ES) pertenecientes al norte de Portugal y noroeste de España. Su objetivo es replicar las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento utilizado obtenidas con una versión anterior del mismo. La muestra está integrada por 1.268 estudiantes de primer año de ES con edades comprendidas entre los 17 y 52 años (Mdn = 18, siendo de más de 23 años el 7.4%). Proceden de la región noroeste de España 413 estudiantes (Galicia, Universidad de Vigo) y 855 de la región norte de Portugal (Minho, Universidade do Minho). El 58.1% del total de la muestra son mujeres. Por ámbito de estudio, el 58.4% cursa titulaciones del ámbito científico-tecnológico y los demás del ámbito jurídico-social. Se aplicó el Cuestionario de Percepciones Académicas-Expectativas (CPA-E), estructurado en siete dimensiones: Formación para el empleo/carrera, Desarrollo personal y social, Movilidad estudiantil, Implicación político/ciudadana, Presión social, Calidad de formación e Interacción social. La invarianza del modelo factorial oblicuo del CPA-E fue testada con el LISREL 8.80 mediante el método bivariado latente normal y la estimación de máxima verosimilitud, con la corrección de Satorra y Bentler (1994). Todos los ítems representaron bien a sus respectivos factores y los factores mostraron una buena validez y fiabilidad para los países y el género. Se obtuvo, por tanto, invarianza factorial del modelo para los países y el género. Se asume una versión final del cuestionario común para España y Portugal, así como para mujeres y hombres.

Abstract We present the results of a study conducted with first-year students from the Euro-region of Galicia-North Portugal, with the aim of replicating the psychometric properties of the instrument as obtained from a prior version. Participants included 1268 first-year students with ages ranging from 17 to 52 years (Mdn = 18; 7.4% with ages above 23 years). Four-hundred and thirteen students are from the North Spanish region (Galicia, University of Minho) and 855 are from the North Portuguese region (Minho, University of Minho), and 58.1% of the students are women. Students are enrolled in scientific-technological courses (58.4%) and juridical-social studies. We administered the Academic Perceptions Questionnaire- Expectations (APQ-E), which is structured in seven dimensions: Training for career development, Personal and social development, Student mobility, Political engagement and citizenship, Social pressure, Training quality, and Social interaction. The invariance of the factorial model of the APQ-E was tested with LISREL 8.80, based on a bivariate latent model and maximum likelihood estimation, with Satorra and Bentler correction (1994). All items contributed to the representation of the factors, and the factors showed good validity and reliability for country and gender. Therefore, we obtained factorial invariance of the measurement model for country and gender. We present the final version of the common questionnaire for Portugal and Spain, and for women and men.

Expectativas acadêmicas de estudantes nos primeiros anos do Ensino Superior / Academic expectations of students in the first years of Higher Education / Expectativas académicas de estudiantes en los primeros años de enseñanza superior

Este trabalho analisa expectativas acadêmicas de universitários ao ingressar no Ensino Superior. Participaram do estudo 205 estudantes do primeiro e segundo ano do Ensino Superior. Os participantes responderam a um questionário sobre expectativas pessoais, relações interpessoais, expectativas acerca do curso, carreira, instituição de ensino e um questionário de dados sociodemográficos. Os dados foram submetidos a análises qualitativas, com recurso a análise de conteúdo. Os alunos descrevem suas expectativas em direção ao mercado de trabalho e aos ganhos pessoais e profissionais resultantes do fato de cursarem o Ensino Superior. Esses resultados reiteram estudos anteriores, indicando que alunos do primeiro ano apresentam altas expectativas em relação ao Ensino Superior. Discutem-se as implicações dos resultados para novas pesquisas e intervenções com universitários, especialmente aqueles com dificuldades de adaptação acadêmica

This study analyzed students' expectations in the transition to Higher Education. Participants were 205 students of the first and second year, enrolled in public and private Higher Education institutions. Students answered an open questionnaire composed of five questions about personal expectations, interpersonal relationships, expectations about the undergraduate program and career development, the institution where they were enrolled, and a social-demographic questionnaire. Content analysis was performed to analyze data. Students described their own expectations regarding the job market, and personal and occupational benefits from studying in Higher Education. These results support previous studies that have suggested that first-year students present high expectations about higher education. We discuss the implications of the results in future researches and intervention with students, especially the ones with difficulties in academic adaptation

Este trabajo analiza expectativas académicas de universitarios al ingresar en la Enseñanza Superior. Participaron del estudio 205 estudiantes del primer y segundo año de la Enseñanza Superior. Los participantes respondieron a un cuestionario sobre expectativas personales, recursos personales, relaciones interpersonal, expectativas acerca del curso, carrera, institución educativa y un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos. Los datos se sometieron a análisis cualitativos, utilizando el análisis de contenido. Los estudiantes describen sus expectativas hacia el mercado de trabajo y a las ganancias personales y profesionales resultantes hecho de cursar la Enseñanza Superior. Estos resultados reiteran estudios anteriores indicando que alumnos del primer arimer aonales, recursos personales, las relaciones interpersonales, Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados para nuevas investigaciones e intervenciones con universitarios, especialmente aquellos con dificultades de adaptación académica

Teaching Practices for Creativity at University: A Study in Portugal and Brazil / Práticas Docentes para Criatividade na Universidade: Estudo em Portugal e no Brasil / Prácticas Docentes para Creatividad en la Universidad: Estudio en Portugal y Brasil

Abstract: Creativity is nowadays seen as an essential feature in higher education. Nevertheless, there is a discrepancy between the need for creativity and what higher education classrooms provide. This study assessed the perceptions of 1599 higher education students from two countries (1059 Brazilian and 540 Portuguese students), from two academic domains (Sciences and Technologies - Sc&T; Social Sciences, Arts, and Humanities - SScA&H), about the presence of creativity in their teachers' instruction and evaluation practices. The study's findings evidence interactive effects between the variables country and academic domain for most of the assessed factors: encouragement of new ideas, climate for the expression of ideas, and interest in students' learning. Brazilian Sc&T students presented more negative perceptions of their classroom environments when compared to SScA&H students; Portuguese students showed opposite patterns of results. Some hypothetical explanations are discussed and future directions for research are presented.

Resumo: Criatividade é atualmente tomada como aspecto essencial na Educação Superior. Há, contudo, discrepância entre a necessidade de criatividade e o que a universidade proporciona. Este estudo avaliou percepções de 1599 alunos universitários de dois países (1059 brasileiros e 540 portugueses), de duas áreas curriculares (Ciências e Tecnologias - Sc&T; Ciências Sociais, Artes e Humanidades - SscA&H) sobre a presença de criatividade nas práticas docentes, instrucionais e avaliativas, de que são alvo. Os resultados mostraram efeitos interativos significativos entre as variáveis país e área curricular para a maioria dos fatores avaliados: encorajamento de novas ideias, clima para expressão de ideias e interesse pela aprendizagem dos alunos. Os estudantes brasileiros de Sc&T mostraram percepções mais negativas da sala de aula, comparados com os de SScA&H; os alunos portugueses obtiveram padrões opostos nos resultados. Algumas hipóteses explicativas são discutidas e são apresentadas orientações para pesquisa futura.

Resumen: La creatividad está actualmente considerada como aspecto esencial en la Educación Superior. Sin embargo, existe discrepancia entre la necesidad de creatividad y lo que la universidad ofrece. Este estudio evaluó percepciones de 1.599 estudiantes universitarios (1.059 de Brasil y 540 de Portugal) de dos áreas curriculares (Ciencia y Tecnología - Sc&T; Ciencias Sociales, Artes y Humanidades - SscA&T) acerca de la presencia de creatividad en las prácticas docentes, instructivas y evaluativas dirigidas a ellos. Los resultados mostraron efectos de interacción significativos entre las variables país y área curricular para la mayoría de los factores evaluados: fomento de nuevas ideas, entorno para la expresión de ideas e interés en el aprendizaje del estudiante. Los estudiantes brasileños de Sc&T mostraron percepciones más negativas de la clase en comparación con los de SSCA&H; los estudiantes portugueses obtuvieron patrones opuestos en los resultados. Algunas hipótesis explicativas se discuten y se presentan directrices para investigación futura.

Predictors of students' adjustment during transition to university in Spain / Predictores del ajuste de los estudiantes durante la transición a la Universidad en España

BACKGROUND: Adjustment to university is a major life transition that not all emerging adults manage successfully. The Student University Adjustment Questionnaire is the instrument most commonly used to evaluate this multidimensional construct. Research in Spain on the predisposing factors for successful adjustment to university in emerging adults is scarce relative to the large number of studies carried out in North America. The objective of the present study was to analyze the association between students' gender, family background, pre-university achievement and adjustment to university. METHOD: Participants were 300 Spanish first-year students (198 women and 102 men) of mean age 18.02 years. RESULTS: Pre-university achievement was the only significant predictor of academic, social and institutional adjustment. Gender directly affected personal-emotional adjustment and indirectly affected academic adjustment mediated by entry grade. CONCLUSIONS: Students' entry characteristics predict adjustment to university in the first year. These findings have important theoretical and practical implications

ANTECEDENTES: la adaptación a la universidad es una de las principales transiciones vitales que no todos los adultos emergentes afrontan con éxito. El Cuestionario de Adaptación del Estudiante a la Universidad es el instrumento más empleado para evaluar este constructo multidimensional. En España no existen investigaciones sobre los factores que predisponen a los adultos emergentes a una adaptación exitosa a la universidad respecto al número de investigaciones llevadas a cabo con muestras norteamericanas. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la relación entre el género, el background familiar, la nota de acceso y el ajuste a la universidad. MÉTODO: participaron 300 estudiantes españoles de primer año (198 mujeres y 102 hombres) con un promedio de edad de 18,02 años. RESULTADOS: la nota de acceso fue el único predictor significativo del ajuste académico, social e institucional. El género influye de una manera directa sobre el ajuste personal-emocional e indirecta sobre el ajuste académico, mediado por la nota de acceso. CONCLUSIONES: las características de entrada del estudiante predicen su adaptación en el primer año de universidad. Estos resultados tienen importantes implicaciones teóricas y prácticas

Predictors of students' adjustment during transition to university in Spain.

BACKGROUND: Adjustment to university is a major life transition that not all emerging adults manage successfully. The Student University Adjustment Questionnaire is the instrument most commonly used to evaluate this multidimensional construct. Research in Spain on the predisposing factors for successful adjustment to university in emerging adults is scarce relative to the large number of studies carried out in North America. The objective of the present study was to analyze the association between students’ gender, family background, pre-university achievement and adjustment to university. METHOD: Participants were 300 Spanish first-year students (198 women and 102 men) of mean age 18.02 years. RESULTS: Pre-university achievement was the only significant predictor of academic, social and institutional adjustment. Gender directly affected personal-emotional adjustment and indirectly affected academic adjustment mediated by entry grade. CONCLUSIONS: Students’ entry characteristics predict adjustment to university in the first year. These findings have important theoretical and practical implications.

Challenges in the identification of giftedness: Issues related to psychological assessment / Retos en la identificación de los alumnos superdotados: cuestiones relacionadas con la evaluación psicológica

This paper discusses issues related to the assessment of children and youth for the identification of giftedness, and presents specific recommendations for educational measures in order to attend to the particular characteristics and needs of these students. We outline the most common difficulties related to the psychological assessment of these children, including the lack of adequate instruments for the assessment of the multiple dimensions of giftedness, as well as the shortage of training for this identification. Regarding these difficulties, we describe some assessment procedures that assure higher levels of objectivity and validity in data, reducing the possibility of false positives and false negatives in the identification of these students. In addition to psychological tests, we present the advantages of using multiple informants and the contribution of different professionals and parents for this assessment. On the other hand, as we present giftedness as a result of a developmental process, it is important to conduct students’ assessment in phases, including an initial screening phase, followed by the sound assessment of students and nurturing. Finally, we present some suggestions for the advancement in giftedness identification and assessment, as a means to support the development of research in this area

Este artículo analiza los temas relacionados con la identificación de los estudiantes superdotados y recoge algunas recomendaciones específicas sobre medidas educativas, con el fin de responder a la diversidad de estos estudiantes. Se plantean las dificultades más comunes relacionadas con la evaluación psicológica de estos estudiantes, entre ellas la falta de instrumentos adecuados para la evaluación de las múltiples dimensiones de la superdotación y el talento, así como, la falta de formación que tienen los profesionales para esta identificación. Con respecto a estas dificultades, se describen algunos procedimientos de evaluación con el fin de asegurar mayores niveles de objetividad y validez de los datos, lo que reduce la posibilidad de falsos positivos y falsos negativos en la identificación de estos estudiantes. Además de las pruebas psicológicas, se presentan las ventajas del uso de diferentes fuentes de información y la contribución de los distintos profesionales y padres para esta evaluación. Por otro lado, es importante llevar a cabo la evaluación de los estudiantes superdotados por fases, incluyendo una fase de evaluación inicial (screening), seguida de la fase de diagnóstico o identificación; y la fase final, orientada a atender a la diversidad de estos estudiantes. Por último, se presentan algunas sugerencias para el avance en la identificación y evaluación de la superdotación, como un medio para apoyar el desarrollo de la investigación en esta área

Intervention Program on Adolescent's Creativity Representations and Academic Motivation / Programa de Intervençãonas Representações de Criatividade e Motivação Acadêmica de Adolescentes / Programa de Intervención en Representaciones de Creatividad y Motivación Académica de Adolescentes

AbstractCreativity and its promotion are widespread concerns in education. However, few efforts have been made to implement intervention programs designed to promote creativity and other related aspects (e.g., academic motivation). The Future Problem Solving Program International (FPSPI), aimed for training creativity representations and creative problem solving skills in young people, has been one of the most implemented programs. This intervention's materials and activities were adapted for Portuguese students, and a longitudinal study was conducted. The program was implemented during four months, in weekly sessions, by thirteen teachers. Teachers received previous training for the program and during the program's implementation. Intervention participants included 77 Basic and Secondary Education students, and control participants included 78 equivalent students. Pretest-posttest measures of academic motivation and creativity representations were collected. Results suggest a significant increase, in the intervention group, in motivation and the appropriate representations of creativity. Practical implications and future research perspectives are presented.(AU)

ResumoA criatividade e sua promoção geram grande preocupação em educação. Contudo, poucos esforços têm existido para implementar programas destinados a sua promoção e de outros aspetos relacionados (e.g., motivação acadêmica). O Future Problem Solving Program International(FPSPI), criado para melhorar as representações de criatividade e a resolução criativa de problemas em jovens, tem sido um dos mais implementados. Os seus materiais e atividades foram adaptados para estudantes portugueses, efetuando-se um estudo longitudinal. O programa foi implementado durante quatro meses, semanalmente, por treze professores, que receberam formação antes e durante a implementação. O grupo experimental incluiu 77 estudantes do Ensino Básico e Secundário, apresentando o grupo de controlo 78 estudantes com características equivalentes. Os dados sobre a motivação e criatividade foram recolhidos num pré e pós-teste. Os resultados sugerem um aumento significativo na motivação e crenças apropriadas de criatividade no grupo experimental. Implicações práticas e perspectivas para investigações futuras são apresentadas.(AU)

ResumenLa creatividad y su promoción generan gran preocupación en educación. Sin embargo, han sido llevados a cabo pocos esfuerzos para implementar programas de promoción de la creatividad y otros aspectos (e.g., motivación académica). El Future Problem Solving Program International (FPSPI), creado para mejorar las representaciones de creatividad y la solución creativa de problemas en jóvenes, ha sido bastante implementado. Se adaptaron sus materiales y actividades para estudiantes portugueses, y se desarrolló un estudio longitudinal. El programa se implementó semanalmente durante cuatro meses por trece profesores, que recibieron formación antes y durante la implementación. El grupo experimental incluyó 77 estudiantes de Educación Primaria y Secundaria y el grupo de control incluyó 78 estudiantes con características semejantes. Los datos de motivación y creatividad fueron recogidos en un pre y post-test, sugiriendo un aumento significativo de motivación y creencias apropiadas sobre la creatividad en el grupo experimental. Se presentan implicaciones prácticas y perspectivas para futuras investigaciones.(AU)

Intervention program on adolescent's creativity representations and academic motivation / Programa de intervenção nas representações de criatividade e motivação acadêmica de adolescentes / Programa de intervención en representaciones de creatividad y motivación académica de adolescentes

Creativity and its promotion are widespread concerns in education. However, few efforts have been made to implement intervention programs designed to promote creativity and other related aspects (e.g., academic motivation). The Future Problem Solving Program International (FPSPI), aimed for training creativity representations and creative problem solving skills in young people, has been one of the most implemented programs. This intervention's materials and activities were adapted for Portuguese students, and a longitudinal study was conducted. The program was implemented during four months, in weekly sessions, by thirteen teachers. Teachers received previous training for the program and during the program's implementation. Intervention participants included 77 Basic and Secondary Education students, and control participants included 78 equivalent students. Pretest-posttest measures of academic motivation and creativity representations were collected. Results suggest a significant increase, in the intervention group, in motivation and the appropriate representations of creativity. Practical implications and future research perspectives are presented.

A criatividade e sua promoção geram grande preocupação em educação. Contudo, poucos esforços têm existido para implementar programas destinados a sua promoção e de outros aspetos relacionados (e.g., motivação acadêmica). O Future Problem Solving Program International(FPSPI), criado para melhorar as representações de criatividade e a resolução criativa de problemas em jovens, tem sido um dos mais implementados. Os seus materiais e atividades foram adaptados para estudantes portugueses, efetuando-se um estudo longitudinal. O programa foi implementado durante quatro meses, semanalmente, por treze professores, que receberam formação antes e durante a implementação. O grupo experimental incluiu 77 estudantes do Ensino Básico e Secundário, apresentando o grupo de controlo 78 estudantes com características equivalentes. Os dados sobre a motivação e criatividade foram recolhidos num pré e pós-teste. Os resultados sugerem um aumento significativo na motivação e crenças apropriadas de criatividade no grupo experimental. Implicações práticas e perspectivas para investigações futuras são apresentadas.

La creatividad y su promoción generan gran preocupación en educación. Sin embargo, han sido llevados a cabo pocos esfuerzos para implementar programas de promoción de la creatividad y otros aspectos (e.g., motivación académica). El Future Problem Solving Program International (FPSPI), creado para mejorar las representaciones de creatividad y la solución creativa de problemas en jóvenes, ha sido bastante implementado. Se adaptaron sus materiales y actividades para estudiantes portugueses, y se desarrolló un estudio longitudinal. El programa se implementó semanalmente durante cuatro meses por trece profesores, que recibieron formación antes y durante la implementación. El grupo experimental incluyó 77 estudiantes de Educación Primaria y Secundaria y el grupo de control incluyó 78 estudiantes con características semejantes. Los datos de motivación y creatividad fueron recogidos en un pre y post-test, sugiriendo un aumento significativo de motivación y creencias apropiadas sobre la creatividad en el grupo experimental. Se presentan implicaciones prácticas y perspectivas para futuras investigaciones.

Propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Percepciones Académicas para la evaluación de las expectativas de los estudiantes de primer año en Enseñanza Superior / Psychometric properties of the Academic Perceptions Questionnaire for the assessment of first-year university students´ expectations

Desde una concepción multidimensional de las expectativas, este artículo pretende analizar la validez y precisión psicométrica de una escala para su medida en los estudiantes universitarios de primer año. La muestra (N = 759) estaba compuesta por alumnado de primer año, de diversas titulaciones académicas de la Universidad de Vigo-Campus de Ourense y de la Universidad de Minho. El valor de la Mdn de edad fue de 19, siendo sólo el 5.3% mayor de 23 años. A los participantes se les aplicó un conjunto de 56 ítems agrupados en siete dimensiones diferentes de expectativas. Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio, se obtuvieron con el LISREL. Se garantizó la validez factorial, tanto convergente como discriminante de los factores. Ésta junto con su fiabilidad sugieren que el Cuestionario de Percepciones Académicas quedaría finalmente con 42 ítems distribuidos en siete dimensiones de expectativas: Formación para el empleo/carrera, Desarrollo personal y social, Movilidad estudiantil, Implicación política/ciudadanía, Presión social, Calidad de formación e Interacción social. Se comprobó la equivalencia del modelo de medida del instrumento en los dos idiomas y en dos grupos resultantes de la bipartición aleatoria de la muestra. Los resultados de la validez estructural de este estudio avalan la utilización del cuestionario para la medida de las expectativas de los estudiantes que inician por primera vez sus estudios en la Enseñanza Superior

This paper aims to test the psychometric validity and reliability of a measure of first-year university students’ expectations, based on a multidimensional conception of expectations. The sample consisted of 759 first-year students, attending various academic degrees at the Universities of Vigo - Ourense and University of Minho. The value Mdn age was 19,with only 5.3% with ages above 23 years. Participants answered a set of 56 items based on seven different dimensions of expectations. Results of confirmatory factor analysis, were carried out with LISREL. Factorial validity, and factors’ convergent and discriminant validity were assured. These results, along with evidences reliability, suggest that the Academic Perceptions Questionnaire presents a final structure composed of seven expectation dimensions, including 42 items: Training for employment/career, Personal and social development, Student mobility, Political and citizenship involvement, Social pressure, Quality of education, and Social interaction. The equivalence of measurement model in the two languages and in two groups randomly derived from the full sample was also verified. The results of this structural validity study support the assessment of the expectations of first-year students in Higher Education with the questionnaire

O impacto das expectativas na adaptação acadêmica dos estudantes no Ensino Superior / The impact of expectations on the students' academic adaptation in Higher Education / El impacto de las expectativas sobre la adaptación académica de los estudiantes en la Educación Superior

Os desafios enfrentados pelos jovens, decorrentes do ingresso no Ensino Superior , têm sido alvo de inúmeras pesquisas, destacando a confluência de variáveis pessoais e contextuais nesse processo de transição e adaptação ao Ensino Superior . O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar como as expectativas afetam a qualidade das vivências adaptativas dos acadêmicos que iniciam o Ensino Superior . Participaram deste estudo 182 estudantes brasileiros (M=26,2; DP=8,76), sendo 146 mulheres e 36 homens, que responderam a dois questionários reportados às expectativas e vivências acadêmicas. Os resultados indicaram que as expectativas iniciais dos ingressantes foram correlacionadas com a qualidade das suas vivências acadêmicas. Em particular, as expectativas de envolvimento nas relações com os colegas, no projeto vocacional de carreira e nas atividades curriculares do seu curso foram associadas à adaptação acadêmica dos estudantes.(AU)

Many studies have addressed the challenges faced by students when they access higher education, describing the influence of personal and contextual factors on the transition and adaptation to Higher Education. The present study aimed to investigate how expectations impact the quality of first-year students' experiences. Participants included 182 Brazilian students (M=26,2; DP=8,76), 146 women and 36 men, who answered two questionnaires focusing on academic expectations and experiences. Results suggest that initial expectations of first-year students are correlated with the quality of their academic experiences. Specifically, expectations about students' engagement with colleagues, career project, and curricular activities in their undergraduate program, seem to be related with students' academic adaptation.(AU)

Los desafíos que enfrentan los jóvenes que resultan del ingreso a la educación superior han sido objeto de numerosas investigaciones, destacando la convergencia de variables personales y contextuales en este proceso de transición y adaptación a la educación superior. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar cómo las expectativas afectan la calidad de las experiencias de adaptación de los estudiantes que inician la educación superior. Participaron 182 estudiantes brasileños (M=26,2; DP=8,76), siendo 146 mujeres y 36 hombres, que respondieron dos cuestionarios direccionados a las expectativas y experiencias académicas. Los resultados indicaron que las expectativas iniciales de los estudiantes ingresantes se correlacionaron con la calidad de sus experiencias académicas. En particular, las expectativas de participación en las relaciones con los compañeros, en el proyecto de la carrera y en las actividades curriculares del curso fueron relacionadas con la adaptación académica de los estudiantes.(AU)

O impacto das expectativas na adaptação acadêmica dos estudantes no Ensino Superior / The impact of expectations on the students' academic adaptation in Higher Education / El impacto de las expectativas sobre la adaptación académica de los estudiantes en la Educación Superior

Os desafios enfrentados pelos jovens, decorrentes do ingresso no Ensino Superior , têm sido alvo de inúmeras pesquisas, destacando a confluência de variáveis pessoais e contextuais nesse processo de transição e adaptação ao Ensino Superior . O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar como as expectativas afetam a qualidade das vivências adaptativas dos acadêmicos que iniciam o Ensino Superior . Participaram deste estudo 182 estudantes brasileiros (M=26,2; DP=8,76), sendo 146 mulheres e 36 homens, que responderam a dois questionários reportados às expectativas e vivências acadêmicas. Os resultados indicaram que as expectativas iniciais dos ingressantes foram correlacionadas com a qualidade das suas vivências acadêmicas. Em particular, as expectativas de envolvimento nas relações com os colegas, no projeto vocacional de carreira e nas atividades curriculares do seu curso foram associadas à adaptação acadêmica dos estudantes...

Many studies have addressed the challenges faced by students when they access higher education, describing the influence of personal and contextual factors on the transition and adaptation to Higher Education. The present study aimed to investigate how expectations impact the quality of first-year students' experiences. Participants included 182 Brazilian students (M=26,2; DP=8,76), 146 women and 36 men, who answered two questionnaires focusing on academic expectations and experiences. Results suggest that initial expectations of first-year students are correlated with the quality of their academic experiences. Specifically, expectations about students' engagement with colleagues, career project, and curricular activities in their undergraduate program, seem to be related with students' academic adaptation...

Los desafíos que enfrentan los jóvenes que resultan del ingreso a la educación superior han sido objeto de numerosas investigaciones, destacando la convergencia de variables personales y contextuales en este proceso de transición y adaptación a la educación superior. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar cómo las expectativas afectan la calidad de las experiencias de adaptación de los estudiantes que inician la educación superior. Participaron 182 estudiantes brasileños (M=26,2; DP=8,76), siendo 146 mujeres y 36 hombres, que respondieron dos cuestionarios direccionados a las expectativas y experiencias académicas. Los resultados indicaron que las expectativas iniciales de los estudiantes ingresantes se correlacionaron con la calidad de sus experiencias académicas. En particular, las expectativas de participación en las relaciones con los compañeros, en el proyecto de la carrera y en las actividades curriculares del curso fueron relacionadas con la adaptación académica de los estudiantes...

Escolhas e planeamento de carreira: a tirania dos discursos tradicionais / Choices and career planning: The tyranny of traditional discourses / Elección y planeamiento de carrera: la tiranía de los discursos tradicionales

Este trabalho pretendeu explorar como um grupo de 86 jovens de ambos os sexos e de diferentes classes sociais e níveis de ensino, a frequentar cursos considerados socialmente femininos e masculinos, efectuou as suas escolhas e está a delinear os seus planos de carreira. Adoptando uma perspectiva construcionista social feminista, a técnica de entrevista, e a metodologia de análise de discurso, observou-se a emergência de discursos opressivos, regulados pelas normas de género e classe social, reforçando a convicção que estas condições exercem um papel fundamental no desenvolvimento das carreiras dos participantes. Estas questões parecem justificar o crescimento de uma agenda de justiça social na Psicologia Vocacional.(AU)

This study aimed to explore how 86 youths of both sexes and of different social classes and levels of education who were attending courses considered as traditionally feminine or masculine made their choices and traced their career plans. Adopting a feminist social constructionist perspective and the discourse analysis as a methodology, there were observed the emergence of oppressive discourses regulated by the norms of gender and social class, strengthening the conviction that these conditions play a key role in the career development of the participants. These issues seem to justify the development of a social justice agenda in Vocational Psychology.(AU)

Este trabajo pretendió explorar cómo realizó sus elecciones y está delineando sus planes de carrera un grupo de 86 jóvenes de ambos sexos, de diferentes clases sociales y niveles de enseñanza, frecuentando cursos considerados socialmente femeninos o masculinos. Adoptando una perspectiva construccionista social feminista, la técnica de entrevista y la metodología de análisis de discurso, se observó la emergencia de discursos opresivos regulados por las normas de género y clase social reforzando la convicción de que estas condiciones ejercen un papel fundamental en el desarrollo de las carreras de los participantes. Estas cuestiones parecen justificar el crecimiento de una agenda de justicia social en la Psicología Vocacional.(AU)

Escolhas e planeamento de carreira: a tirania dos discursos tradicionais / Choices and career planning: The tyranny of traditional discourses / Elección y planeamiento de carrera: la tiranía de los discursos tradicionales

Este trabalho pretendeu explorar como um grupo de 86 jovens de ambos os sexos e de diferentes classes sociais e níveis de ensino, a frequentar cursos considerados socialmente femininos e masculinos, efectuou as suas escolhas e está a delinear os seus planos de carreira. Adoptando uma perspectiva construcionista social feminista, a técnica de entrevista, e a metodologia de análise de discurso, observou-se a emergência de discursos opressivos, regulados pelas normas de género e classe social, reforçando a convicção que estas condições exercem um papel fundamental no desenvolvimento das carreiras dos participantes. Estas questões parecem justificar o crescimento de uma agenda de justiça social na Psicologia Vocacional...

This study aimed to explore how 86 youths of both sexes and of different social classes and levels of education who were attending courses considered as traditionally feminine or masculine made their choices and traced their career plans. Adopting a feminist social constructionist perspective and the discourse analysis as a methodology, there were observed the emergence of oppressive discourses regulated by the norms of gender and social class, strengthening the conviction that these conditions play a key role in the career development of the participants. These issues seem to justify the development of a social justice agenda in Vocational Psychology...

Este trabajo pretendió explorar cómo realizó sus elecciones y está delineando sus planes de carrera un grupo de 86 jóvenes de ambos sexos, de diferentes clases sociales y niveles de enseñanza, frecuentando cursos considerados socialmente femeninos o masculinos. Adoptando una perspectiva construccionista social feminista, la técnica de entrevista y la metodología de análisis de discurso, se observó la emergencia de discursos opresivos regulados por las normas de género y clase social reforzando la convicción de que estas condiciones ejercen un papel fundamental en el desarrollo de las carreras de los participantes. Estas cuestiones parecen justificar el crecimiento de una agenda de justicia social en la Psicología Vocacional...

Transtornos alimentares em homens: um desafio diagnóstico / Diagnosing eating disorders in men: a clinical challenge

Poucos transtornos na medicina em geral e na psiquiatria em particular têm uma distribuiçäo por gênero täo assimétrica quanto os transtornos alimentares (TA), com apenas 10 por cento dos casos ocorrendo no sexo masculino. Esta disparidade pode ser atribuída a fatores biológicos e culturais, mas também indica a existência de dificuldades no diagnóstico dos TA em homens. Embora tenha crescido o interesse pelos TA nas últimas décadas, seu reconhecimento no sexo masculino ainda é pobre e limitado por estereótipos. O presente estudo tem como objetivo discutir as semelhanças e diferenças dos TA em homens e mulheres, enfatizando os tópicos que têm implicações práticas para os profissionais de saúde mental